Modern · Sweden
Hilma af Klint
1862–1944 · Abstraction, years before the men who claimed it
AbstractionSpiritualismDiagrammatic
Early abstraction · 5 artists
Abstraction's other beginnings
This list opens in a Stockholm studio in 1906, and follows the line through Munich, Moscow and postwar New York. Five painters who built non-objective painting and were filed under 'also present'.
Modern · Germany
Gabriele Münter
1877–1962 · Flat colour, folk form, hard edges
ExpressionismColour blocksFolk art
Modern · Russia
Lyubov Popova
1889–1924 · Painterly architectonics, then production art
ConstructivismGeometryTextiles
Postwar · United States
Helen Frankenthaler
1928–2011 · Painter of the soak-stain
Colour FieldStain paintingRaw canvas
Postwar · United States
Alma Thomas
1891–1978 · Mosaics of light from a schoolteacher's late start
ColourAbstractionRhythm